Variations in High-frequency Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific     

Shumin CHEN  Weibiao LI  Zhiping WEN  Mingsen ZHOU  Youyu LU  Yu-Kun QIAN  Haoya LIU  Rong FANG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(4):423-434

Variations in the high-frequency oscillations of tropical cyclones(TCs) over the western North Pacific(WNP) are studied in numerical model simulations. Power spectrum analysis of maximum wind speeds at 10 m(MWS_(10)) from an ensemble of15 simulated TCs shows that oscillations are significant for all TCs. The magnitudes of oscillations in MWS_(10) are similar in the WNP and South China Sea(SCS); however, the mean of the averaged significant periods in the SCS(1.93 h) is shorter than that in the open water of the WNP(2.83 h). The shorter period in the SCS is examined through an ensemble of simulations,and a case simulation as well as a sensitivity experiment in which the continent is replaced by ocean for Typhoon Hagupit(2008). The analysis of the convergence efficiency within the boundary layer suggests that the shorter periods in the SCS are possibly due to the stronger terrain effect, which intensifies convergence through greater friction. The enhanced convergence strengthens the disturbance of the gradient and thermal wind balances, and then contributes to the shorter oscillation periods in the SCS.  相似文献   

Circulation Features Associated with the Record-breaking Typhoon Silence in August 2014     

Jianpu BIAN  Juan FANG  Guanghua CHEN  Chengji LIU 《大气科学进展》2018,35(10):1321-1336

Climatologically, August is the month with the most tropical cyclone(TC) formation over the western North Pacific(WNP) during the typhoon season. In this study, the reason for abnormal TC activity during August is discussed—especially August 2014, when no TCs formed. The large-scale background of August 2014 is presented, with low-level large-scale easterly anomalies and anticyclonic anomalies dominating over the main TC genesis region, a weak monsoon trough system,and a strong WNP subtropical high(WPSH), leading to significantly reduced low-level convergence, upper-level divergence,and mid-level upward motion. These unfavorable large-scale conditions suppressed convection and cyclogenesis. In August2014, equatorial waves were inactive within the negative phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO), with fewer tropical disturbances. Although the low-level vorticity and convection of those disturbances were partly promoted by the convective envelopes of equatorial waves, the integral evolution of disturbances, as well as the equatorial waves, were suppressed when propagating into the negative MJO phase. Moreover, the upper-level potential vorticity(PV) streamers associated with anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking events imported extratropical cold and dry air into the tropics. The peripheral tropospheric dryness and enhanced vertical wind shear by PV streamer intrusion combined with the negative MJO phase were responsible for the absence of TC formation over the WNP in August 2014.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Ocean Eddies over the South China Sea     

Haoya LIU  Weibiao LI  Shumin CHEN  Rong FANG  Zhuo LI 《大气科学进展》2018,35(9):1189-1204

The South China Sea(SCS) is an eddy-active area. Composite analyses based on 438 mesoscale ocean eddies during 2000–2012 revealed the status of the atmospheric boundary layer is influenced remarkably by such eddies. The results showed cold-core cyclonic(warm-core anticyclonic) eddies tend to cool(warm) the overlying atmosphere and cause surface winds to decelerate(accelerate). More than 5% of the total variance of turbulent heat fluxes, surface wind speed and evaporation rate are induced by mesoscale eddies. Furthermore, mesoscale eddies locally affect the columnar water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Dynamical analyses indicated that both variations of atmospheric boundary layer stability and sea level pressure are responsible for atmospheric anomalies over mesoscale eddies. To reveal further details about the mechanisms of atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies, atmospheric manifestations over a pair of cold and warm eddies in the southwestern SCS were simulated. Eddy-induced heat flux anomalies lead to changes in atmospheric stability. Thus, anomalous turbulence kinetic energy and friction velocity arise over the eddy dipole, which reduce(enhance) the vertical momentum transport over the cold(warm) eddy, resulting in the decrease(increase) of sea surface wind. Diagnoses of the model's momentum balance suggested that wind speed anomalies directly over the eddy dipole are dominated by vertical mixing terms within the atmospheric boundary layer, while wind anomalies on the edges of eddies are produced by atmospheric pressure gradient forces and atmospheric horizontal advection terms.  相似文献   

南太平洋辐合带季节循环及与地形和非绝热加热变化的联系     

于亚鑫  管兆勇  方陆俊  孙婧超 《气象学报》2018,76(4):566-577

利用1981—2015年NCEP/NCAR月平均资料、NOAA的逐月CMAP（CPC（Climate Prediction Center）Merged Analysis of Precipitation）降水资料以及GODAS的月平均洋流资料和SODA的月平均风应力资料,定义了南太平洋辐合带（SPCZ）的关键区域,对南太平洋辐合带的季节变化特征及南太平洋辐合带的形成和维持原因进行了分析。结果表明,在南太平洋辐合带,4月存在由东西风切变型辐合带向东风辐合型辐合带转变的现象,而12月则存在相反的转换。在对流层低层,南太平洋辐合带区域的向上伸展高度和辐合在北半球冬季较其他季节明显高和强。引起南太平洋辐合带形成与维持的原因有2个方面:一是地形作用。由于地形的阻挡,造成等位涡线发生沿澳大利亚地形的绕行,利于澳大利亚地区反气旋性环流和南太平洋辐合带区域气旋性环流的形成与维持;同时,在地形和科里奥利力共同作用下,还易使暖海水在南太平洋辐合带区域汇聚,形成高海表温度区,从而加热大气,利于南太平洋辐合带的形成与维持。二是非绝热加热作用。南太平洋辐合带区域范围内的热源作用可以使其上方的大气受到加热,并产生加热强迫纬向梯度,驱动低层大气产生辐合。这些结果对深刻认识全球环流特别是南半球热带环流变化有重要意义。   相似文献   

中国自然地理学中的气候变化研究前沿进展   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

郑景云  方修琦  吴绍洪 《地理科学进展》2018,37(1):16-27

气候学是自然地理学的重要组成部分;过去气候变化和当代气候增暖的影响与适应研究是中国自然地理学在气候变化领域的2个主要研究方向。本文综述了这2个研究方向的主要进展,包括：分别简述研究的意义、发展历程与主要科学问题;梳理总结中国过去气候变化重建与时空特征分析,历史时期气候变化的影响,全球增暖背景下中国气候区划变动特征,全球增暖对中国自然生态系统、水资源、农业等方面影响的区域差异,气候变化的综合风险区划等方面的前沿进展,特别是在各方面所取得的主要科学认识;以期为未来的深入研究,特别是编制相关领域和学科发展战略提供参考。  相似文献   

The Effect of Bioturbation Activity of the Ark Clam Scapharca subcrenata on the Fluxes of Nutrient Exchange at the Sediment–Water Interface     

ZHANG Shuo  FANG Xin  ZHANG Junbo  YIN Fang  ZHANG Hu  WU Lizhen  KITAZAWA Daisuke 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(1):232-240

Filter-feeding shellfish are common benthos and significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle in the shallow coastal ecosystems.Ark clam Scapharca subcrenata is one of the widely cultured bivalve species in many coastal areas owing to its tremendous economic value.However,there is little information regarding the effects of the bioturbation of S.subcrenata on the fluxes of nutrient exchange in the sediment-water interface(SWI).In this regard,S.subcrenata was sampled during October 2016 to determine the effects of its bioturbation activity on the nutrient exchange flux of the SWI.The results showed that the biological activity of S.subcrenata could increase the diffusion depth and the rate of the nutrients exchange in the sediments.The bioturbation of S.subcrenata could allow the nutrients to permeate into the surface sediments at 6-10cm and increase the release rate of nutrients at the SWI.The releasing fluxes of DIN and PO43−-P in the culture area were found to be around three times higher than that in the non-cultured region.The culture of S.subcrenata has been proved to be an important contributor to nutrient exchange across the SWI in the farming area of Haizhou Bay.Nutrients exchange in the SWI contributes a part of 86%DIN,71%PO43−-P and 18%SiO32−-Si for the aquaculture farm.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地轮南油田2、3井区三叠系沉积微相研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

汪忠德  王新海  王锦芳  何幼斌  胡治华  方海飞  刘洪 《沉积与特提斯地质》2008,28(3):66-74

三叠系作为塔里木盆地的主要含油气层系已逐渐被近几年来的油气勘探实践所证实.本文采取综合研究的技术思路和方法,通过取心分析、测井划相,结合开发动态资料,精细刻划各单油砂体在平面及空间上的微相展布.研究表明轮南油田三叠系砂岩,以含砾中粗粒砂岩为主,粒度较粗,重力流沉积特征较突出,以河湖相为主的碎屑岩沉积,其烃源岩主要发育于深湖-半深湖、浅湖和三角洲亚相,从大的韵律到小的层理都显示粒序递变的构造特征,为重力流悬浮搬运沉积的主要标志,存在辫状分支河道微相砂体,分支河道侧缘微相砂体和分支间湾微相砂体三种类型.中上三叠统粗碎屑岩,以及泥岩、粉砂岩,是以半深湖、浅湖至滨岸相环境为主的沉积,自下而上沉积环境分别发育有扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲亚相.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in a marine influenced coal and its organic solvent extracts from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wenfeng Wang  Yong Qin  Shuxun Sang  Yanming Zhu  Chaoyong Wang  Dominik J. Weiss 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2008,76(4):309-317

Twenty-six samples including roof, bottom and coal plies of a marine influenced coal bed were collected from the Antaibao mining district, Shanxi, China. The rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in solids and organic solvent extracts. The distribution pattern showed three distinct patterns: shale-like, LREE-rich and HREE-rich. This is attributed to the variable microenvironment of peat-forming swamp, the degree of marine influences and different REE sources. REEs in the coal are mainly controlled by detrital minerals but also affected by seawater. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the organic solvent extracts are distinctly different from those of corresponding original coal samples, which show a negative Eu anomaly, a depletion of middle REEs and an enrichment of HREEs. The LREEs in coal extracts are likely adsorbed by hydrogen-containing functional groups, and HREEs are likely bonded to carbon atoms.  相似文献   

麦哲伦海山富钴结壳的稀有气体丰度及He、Ar同位素组成   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶先仁  方念乔  丁林  张铭杰 《岩石学报》2008,24(1):185-192

使用MM5400质谱计对麦哲伦海山富钴结壳和结壳基岩进行稀有气体同位素分析,以此示踪结壳形成期间的海洋环境。富钴结壳的He、Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe稀有气体同位素丰度模式与ASW(air-saturated water,饱和空气的海水)的变化趋势一致,说明结壳是在与海水交换平衡的流体环境中形成的。结壳的分馏因子F_3比饱和空气的海水的F_3高2～3个数量级,表明其相对于海水而言是富集~3He的。其相对于空气亏损~3He、富集Kr和Xe的模式与高度富集~3He、亏损Kr和Xe的星际尘粒的模式完全不同,暗示地球外物质并不是支配富钴结壳稀有气体同位素丰度模式的主要因素。结壳中高的R值甚至超过上地幔代表MORB(大洋中脊玄武岩)的典型值8R_a(R_a为地球大气中~3He/~4He比值,R为样品中~3He/~4He比值),揭示了热点型地幔热液对西太平洋海洋环境的局部贡献。圈层结壳的各结壳层之间的R值差异明显,各结壳层之间的尺值的变化趋势是"较高→最高→较高",结壳中层具有高达15.60R_a的R值,明显有深部地幔流体的加入,这进一步表明滋养结壳生长的热液环境本质上是源于地幔柱型的热点热液。玄武质基岩具有较低的R值,说明该类基岩在形成时严重混染有地壳物质,也说明结壳的物源并非来自玄武质基岩。结壳的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值接近于饱和空气的海水值,也表明结壳的成矿流体与周围海水发生了充分的交换。  相似文献   

东天山红山高硫型浅成低温铜-金矿床：中生代成矿与新生代氧化的K-Ar、Ar-Ar年代学证据及其古构造和古气候意义   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

许英霞  秦克章  丁奎首  李金祥  缪宇  方同辉  徐兴旺  李大明  罗修泉 《岩石学报》2008,24(10):2371-2383

红山铜-金矿床位于新疆吐哈盆地南缘大南湖-突苏泉晚古生代岛弧带北段的中生代上叠火山盆地中,产于卡拉塔格铜-金矿带上,是新疆近年新发现的具大型远景的高硫化物型浅成低温热液铜-金矿床。铜-金成矿作用与中生代的火山活动及次火山岩侵入相关。该矿床处于东天山极端干旱荒漠地带,是东天山最炎热的地区之一,最高温度达到60℃,降水量平均只有34.1mm/y。干旱少雨和极大的蒸发作用造成氧化带极其发育,厚达50m~60m,由一系列复杂罕见的硫酸盐矿物组成。通过对红山铜-金矿床中石英闪长岩—黑云母花岗岩—二长花岗岩中角闪石、黑云母的K-Ar年龄测定,其年龄分别为296.5±6.7Ma、232.0±3.5Ma和217.10±6.4Ma,其中黑云母花岗岩的黑云母Ar-Ar年龄为238.0±2.4Ma,相当于晚石炭世末-三叠纪。并且由于含矿火山岩含有花岗岩的角砾,表明与成矿有关的岩浆活动晚于上述花岗岩,应为中生代的产物。区域上,三亚、白石泉花岗岩、红柳构花岗岩年龄以及白山钼矿的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄均为三叠纪,表明东天山地区存在中生代成岩成矿事件。对红山矿区氧化带三种含钾硫酸盐矿物进行了K-Ar年龄测试,结果显示现今地表以下1m的绿钾铁矾K-Ar年龄为56.0±4.0Ma,地表以下1.5m的高铁叶绿矾的K-Ar年龄为8.6±1.1Ma,地表以下10m的绿钾铁矾K-Ar年龄为14.7±1.7Ma,地表以下14m的斜钾铁矾K-Ar年龄为4.1±0.4Ma。因此推测红山矿床氧化带不同硫酸盐矿物的表生年龄分布在60~3.7Ma之间。不同类型矿床的氧化带年龄亦表明氧化带氧化作用主要发生在新生代。所获得的氧化带年龄与印度—亚洲大陆碰撞及随后青藏高原的多期幕式隆升时限具有较好的对应关系,可能是青藏高原碰撞隆升远程效应的表现和记录。同时,本研究初步提出使用不同种类硫酸盐矿物作为气候变化指标的可能,对于新生代以来PETM等事件研究具有借鉴意义。  相似文献